I never get the flu: Additional Resources. Estimated global mortality associated with the first 12 months of pandemic influenza A H1N1 virus circulation: a modelling study. Lancet Infect Dis. Clin Infect Dis. Get Email Updates.
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Worldwide, the estimation of whooping cough cases is Middle East Respiratory Syndrome was first found in the Arabian Peninsula in and was also associated with the coronavirus once the illness became viral.
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In the influenza outbreaks reported here, direct follow-up of passengers in isolation and quarantine, supported by intense media coverage, resulted in a high degree of compliance and successful outbreak containment. Additionally, providing oseltamivir prophylaxis for crew members may have contributed to the successful containment of the infection during cruise B. Although the robust application of containment measures can stop the spread of novel influenza viruses, public health resource requirements are labor-intensive and expensive and may not be sustainable except for the most virulent of pandemic viruses.
Her research interests include risk factors for pandemic influenza and the epidemiology of HIV, blood-borne viruses, and sexually transmitted infections. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Journal List Emerg Infect Dis v. Emerg Infect Dis. Kate A. Ward , Paul Armstrong , Jeremy M. McAnulty , Jenna M. Iwasenko , and Dominic E. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer.
Ward, J. McAnulty ;. Armstrong ;. Iwasenko ;. Corresponding author. Address for correspondence: Jeremy M. Copyright notice. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract To determine the extent and pattern of influenza transmission and effectiveness of containment measures, we investigated dual outbreaks of pandemic H1N1 and influenza A H3N2 that had occurred on a cruise ship in May Keywords: Influenza A virus, subtype H1N1, pandemic, pandemic H1N1 , disease outbreaks, population health surveillance, influenza, cruise ship, viruses, research.
Methods Case Definition We defined a confirmed influenza A case as illness in a cruise A passenger in whom influenza A virus was detected by NAT during the cruise or within 7 days after disembarkation regardless of symptoms. Case Detection We obtained a list of the names, sex, dates of birth, nationality, contact details, and cabin numbers of all passengers and crew members on cruise A. Data Collection Because the investigation was part of a public health control initiative, formal ethics committee review was not required.
Compliance Assessment To assess compliance with isolation and quarantine recommendations, we interviewed all 66 households in which at least 1 person with pandemic influenza was isolated, 32 NSW households with at least 1 person with seasonal influenza, and 45 randomly selected quarantined NSW passengers.
Laboratory Investigation NAT detection of pandemic influenza virus was performed by using real-time RT-PCR with primers targeting the hemagglutinin gene of the pandemic influenza virus provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and following recommended protocol or by using an in-house pandemic influenza virus—specific real-time RT-PCR. Statistical Analyses We analyzed data by using Epi Info version 3.
Results A total of 1, passengers and crew members were on cruise A. Demographic No. Open in a separate window. Table 2 Clinical data for passengers with influenza after day cruise that departed Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, on May 16, Clinical data Pandemic H1N1 , no.
Epidemiologic Investigation According to date of symptom onset, the pandemic influenza outbreak began in the childcare center on May 18, which was 2 days after embarkation, and peaked on May 25, the final day of cruise A. Secondary Attack Rates for Pandemic Influenza A total of 66 pandemic influenza case-patients in 53 cabins were infectious while on cruise A.
Isolation and Quarantine After disembarking, patients with pandemic and seasonal influenza were isolated in discrete family or household-like groups. Further Virus Transmission Three secondary pandemic influenza infections among family contacts of case-patients from cruise A were identified; a subsequent case-patient was identified as a contact of 1 person who had secondary infection. Discussion We identified dual outbreaks of pandemic and seasonal influenza among passengers on a cruise ship.
References 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Outbreak of influenza-like illness in a tour group—Alaska. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Acute respiratory illness among cruise-ship passengers—Asia. The quantity and speed of which people are being hospitalized and are dying of COVID are completely unprecedented in modern history. Smith will teach basic skills for staying informed during the COVID pandemic, empowering the audience to make informed decisions during this unprecedented time of uncertainty.
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