It creates, maintains, and destroys connections between nodes in a persistent way. In this context, reliable refers to the ability to verify that a piece of data was received intact at the other end of the connection. It uses addresses to be able to tell which computer to send information to.
This layer can also break apart larger messages into smaller chunks to be reassembled on the opposite end. This layer involves the bare software that manages physical connections as well as the hardware itself like Ethernet. The applications can be on remote systems, and should appear to operate as if locally to the end user. This level of networking utilizes ports to address different services.
It can build up unreliable or reliable connections depending on the type of protocol used. This layer is aware of the endpoints of the connections, but does not worry about the actual connection needed to get from one place to another. IP addresses are defined in this layer as a way of reaching remote systems in an addressable manner. It establishes connections between neighboring nodes to send data.
This made it easier to implement and allowed it to become the dominant way that networking layers are categorized. Interfaces -Interfaces are networking communication points for your computer. Each interface is associated with a physical or virtual networking device. This is used as an interface to connect applications and processes on a single computer to other applications and processes.
You can see this referenced as the "lo" interface in many tools. Protocols -Networking works by piggybacking a number of different protocols on top of each other. In this way, one piece of data can be transmitted using multiple protocols encapsulated within one another.
Media Access Control -Media access control is a communications protocol that is used to distinguish specific devices. Each device is supposed to get a unique MAC address during the manufacturing process that differentiates it from every other device on the internet. IP - The IP is one of the fundamental protocols that allow the internet to work.
IP addresses are unique on each network and they allow machines to address each other across a network. This protocol assumes an unreliable network and multiple paths to the same destination that it can dynamically change between. The most common implementation today is IPv4, although IPv6 is growing in popularity as an alternative due to the scarcity of IPv4 addresses available and improvements in the protocols capabilities.
ICMP - stands for internet control message protocol. These packets are used in a variety of network diagnostic tools, such as ping and traceroute. Basically, they are used as a feedback mechanism for network communications. It then transfers these to the remote end of the connection using the methods available on the lower layers. On the other end, it can check for errors, request certain pieces to be resent, and reassemble the information into one logical piece to send to the application layer.
This is a way for the two ends of the communication to acknowledge the request and agree upon a method of ensuring data reliability. It is a popular companion protocol to TCP and is also implemented in the transport layer. It does not verify that data has been received on the other end of the connection. This might sound like a bad thing, and for many purposes, it is. However, it is also extremely important for some functions.
It does not establish a connection with the remote host, it simply fires off the data to that host and doesn't care if it is accepted or not. It is a protocol defined in the application layer that forms the basis for communication on the web. FTP- stands for file transfer protocol. It is also in the application layer and provides a way of transferring complete files from one host to another.
It is an application layer protocol used to provide a human-friendly naming mechanism for internet resources. It is what ties a domain name to an IP address and allows you to access sites by name in your browser.
SSH - stands for Secure Shell. Many additional technologies are built around this protocol because of its end-to-end encryption and ubiquity. However, this should give you a good overview of some of the fundamental technologies that make the internet and networking possible.
Conclusion: At this point, you should be familiar with some basic networking terminology and be able to understand how different components are able to communicate with each other. This should assist you in understanding other articles and the documentation of your system.
Greetings everyone!! May I ask every one to gather all attentions in front. Thank you. This presentation will serve as your ticket as we go further and deeper to the world of networks.
We first start with the history of network, how was it discovered, developed and maintained until it became the most efficient connection we have today. In the used mostly of network is for communication for troops in the battlefield and mechanical warfare. It was back then at when they started developing network for commercial use. The industry is starting to establish a network-based communication for businesses and to increase productivity.
Off course that is because of Mr. His concepts and ideas where essential in the evolution of network from simple connection to the wide and complex connection we are currently using these days. In , Dartmouth researchers tried to reflect from Mr.
Back in there were two inventions that made a great leap in network technology. The 1st one is the WAN which enabled the Network Admin to handle two or more connections at a time while the other one is intended for network speed. Until the invention of Home broadband which skyrocketed commercially and made networking easy and home based. Later that year Dr. Townshend from the US focused on developing his invention by improving its bandwidth.
Cisco, the company behind the famous packet tracer software became one of the companies throughout the world that profited on network technology and connections. Until now Cisco is still stand strong and continued gain profitable sales. Home broadband gain much more popularity and has developed to a more user-friendly and more user-interactive gadget-like-devices. The evolution home broadband led to its increase on speed and bandwidth capacity year by year. Until then, 10 Gigabit Ethernet was launched later in the year which change the belief that it was impossible for a network to reach gpbs.
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Cancel Save. Exclusive 60 day trial to the world's largest digital library. There's also live online events, interactive content, certification prep materials, and more. The book starts with the fundamentals -- what protocols do and how they work, how addresses and routing are used to move data through the network, how to set up your network connection -- and then covers, in detail, everything you need to know to exchange information via the Internet. Learn algorithms for solving classic computer science problems with this concise guide covering everything from fundamental ….
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